Culture & Methods Trends Report March 2023

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Culture & Methods

Beyond ChatGPT: Improving Your Enterprise Search Application (Webinar May 25, 2023)

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Mar 31, 2023 8 min read

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Shane Hastie

Write for InfoQ

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Key Takeaways

The layoffs in big tech have had a dampening effect on psychological safety across the whole industry

Generative AI tools like Co-pilot or ChatGPT can have a significant impact on developer productivity but are also significantly flawed

Responsible tech is more than just regulatory compliance and companies are having to be more socially responsible in order to attract and retain customers and employees

Asynchronous work is becoming much more accepted and organisations adopting the practices are gaining real benefits

Hybrid workplaces are now the norm, it is very important to be deliberate about the reasons for bringing people together in person, rather than just having a fixed schedule

The two biggest factors influencing organisational culture in early 2023 are the highly publicised and hugely disruptive layoffs across the tech industry and the emergence of Large Language Models such as ChatGPT.

Layoffs in tech have damaged psychological safety

The biggest impact of the layoffs has not been the number of people out of work, but the widely publicised reports of the inhumane approach many of the large employers took to announcing and communicating the layoffs.  Stories of people finding out they no longer have a job when they are not able to log on to their corporate account, or getting a text message from an unidentified number telling them to drop off their company equipment with no other communication have a very negative impact on the industry as a whole and psychological safety is down in almost every high tech company.

There is a realistic argument that the layoffs were a sensible response to the changing economic climate and that for many companies it is about right-sizing rather than down-sizing, however the way they were communicated to the impacted staff and to the world at large has resulted in a loss of trust and reduction of employee engagement across the industry.  Rebuilding a generative culture will be difficult, but can be done with care and deliberate design .

Despite the large numbers who were laid off, there are still large shortages of tech workers around the world and most of those impacted are finding new roles relatively quickly .

Rebecca Parsons, CTO of Thoughtworks commented on the podcast accompanying this trend report that:

There is a strong business case for having a strong employee value proposition, because turnover is expensive and replacing people is expensive. If you treat people well, you can make all of these wonderful business case arguments, but you can also look at it as it's just the right thing to do.

Employers who treat people badly in layoffs are going to struggle to attract people when the economy turns and they look to grow again.

Large language models - friend or foe for developers?

The launch of large language models such as ChatGPT , the premium service ChatGPT Plus and the enhanced GitHub Copilot have resulted in headlines about jobs that are at risk of being replaced by AI, with programmers at the top of some lists.   The question of how real the threat is, and how do the potentially displaced adapt is very open at the moment as it is early days in the evolution of the tools.  Legal battles are shaping up around open source licensing and copyright both of the source material used to generate content and the copyright status of generated content.

On the other hand there are reports of how using these tools can significantly increase developer productivity - handling many of the more mundane tasks of coding, reducing the cognitive load and allowing the creative human to apply their energies to the areas of development where creativity is best applied.  Developer tools already include AI assistance , and this will continue to increase.

What has become clear is that there is a skill to crafting the questions to ask; prompt engineering is the name most used to describe this skill. These code assist tools work best if you know the answer that you want.  Users need to verify the results and validate that the responses actually address the issue raised.  The models lack context and don’t know what they don’t know and that makes using them potentially risky.

ChatGPT recently had a temporary shutdown of its service due a bug which enabled users to view one another’s prompts. This illustrates the inherent risks of sharing confidential data with the providers of large language models. OpenAI’s terms of service clearly state that they collect information which is “included in the input” or in “file uploads.” As effective prompt engineering relies on providing contextual information, it is important that organisations safeguard themselves against inadvertent data privacy breaches. While some organisations have been putting in place governance , JPMorgan recently blocked all staff from submitting data to ChatGPT.

Unskilled cybercriminals are already using ChatGPT to generate malware ; as technologists we need to be aware of the potential impacts and actively mitigate the risks.

While these two factors have dominated the headlines there has been a lot happening in other areas that is impacting organisational cultures and people operations.

Movements in responsible tech

Technologists are becoming more aware of the broader societal impacts of the work they do and the importance of ethical considerations in the products we build and the way we build them.  Climate impact , social good, privacy , safety, diversity , equity and inclusion and the impact of bias need to be considered in our development processes.

Responsible technology goes beyond compliance with rules and regulations.  Taking a responsible view means considering the potential impacts of the products we’re building before we start building, asking the hard questions about how could this product be applied in ways we don’t intend, who are the communities and stakeholders that we haven’t consulted or considered, how can we actively prevent harm, rather than just complying with the minimum regulatory requirements?

It has a financial benefit from enhanced reputation, from employees and customers wanting to be associated with ethical companies and from customers being prepared to pay more for ethical products.  Responsible technology doesn’t just happen - it needs deliberate practice and clear goals covering areas such as supply chain, operations, employees and clients, in addition to the more obvious issues around product and service development.

DevSusOps is more than just being carbon neutral - to be effectively sustainable an organisation needs to look to the needs of all stakeholders , social, environmental and economic.

Ethical standards and guidelines for software engineering are evolving and emerging in new areas, such as agile coaching .

Project to product gaining traction

The ideas around project to product /# NoProjects are gaining traction as more organisations shift from seeing their IT departments as an overhead cost to truly partnering as a value adding service essential to running the business effectively and meeting customers’ needs.

Value stream management is being used more frequently to visualise and optimise the development process in end to end DevOps implementations.

As organisations adopt these approaches, project based working breaks down and product management becomes necessary and effective.  Approaches such as Evidence Based Management provide tools to help maximise value delivered and focus on business outcomes.

The worth of an architect

The frequent conflict between development teams and architects has caused harm and some organisations have found ways to effectively reconcile the potentially competing goals.  Development teams are tasked with delivering features as quickly as possible to add value and delight customers. Architects have a longer term view of maximising the long-term asset value of the IT estate. Aligning these two perspectives requires a shift in communication and engagement.

Making architecture a core part of the development process requires constant collaboration and communication, not through presentations and ivory-tower decrees, but through working code and practical application that show the value the big picture thinking has on the product both in the short and long term.

Organisation are increasingly distributing the architectural function across teams, through the use of cross-team reviewed Design Docs or RFC s. Grygoriy Gonchar recently published an article on InfoQ about the use of a Simple Framework for Architectural Decisions, which includes the use of RFC like Architectural Decision Records (ADRs). Gonchar wrote that such approaches ensure alignment with “business goals” and allow teams to make “informed” architectural decisions.

Team topologies for rapidly changing environments

Team topologies are emerging that support rapidly evolving organisations and the remote/hybrid workforce. Reteaming is a competency that organisations need to build - enabling teams to rapidly form around new challenges or opportunities and become fully productive and well gelled quickly.

Understanding the impact of Conway’s Law , and using the Reverse Conway approach enable organisations to deliberately align communication to be more effective. Team Topologies has provided patterns to guide organisations in restructuring teams to optimise for value delivery and minimising cognitive load. As Twitter’s mass layoffs have recently shown , the downside of mass redundancies can be the loss of moral, sustainability and stability due to increases in cognitive load for remaining teams.

The pace of change and the dynamic nature of employment mean that organisations need to continue reviewing the changing cognitive load on teams, when faced with large scale organisational change. Teams must also become good at onboarding new people to help them become productive.

Staff Plus and technical career pathways

The Staff Plus role is gaining more attention and a clear recognition that there are career paths which don’t require going into people management positions.  Deliberately shifting into and out of people leadership roles on a pendulum is a viable option that both deepens and broadens skillsets.

Hybrid work will continue to evolve

The shift from fully remote to hybrid working continues steadily, with a few companies mandating complete back to the office and losing people as a result.   Hand in hand with the shift in working comes a far greater acceptance of asynchronous work in remote teams and an uptick in the need for more effective written communication and the need for process and guidelines on how to (for instance) communicate architectural decisions so they are understood across the whole community who need to know about them.  Finding the right balance between freedom & flexibility and documentation & process is an important factor when much of the work is done asynchronously.

Workplace design is changing as organisations retool for hybrid working.  We see designs with fewer desks and more collaboration spaces with technology to support teamwork, pods and quiet places for individual work and quiet conversations and reflection.

Wellbeing and helping support mental wellness need to be taken into account when establishing ways of working.  Understanding the diverse needs of the organisational community and ensuring inclusiveness and respect enables more effective collaboration.

The collaboration tools available today have improved significantly, but they still have gaps and frustrations.  A hybrid meeting with some in-person and some remote participants is often an exercise in frustration with poor sound quality and missed interactions, exacerbating the us-and-them divide which can easily emerge in distributed teams.

Listen to the Trends Report Discussion on the InfoQ Engineering Culture Podcast

The Culture & Methods editorial team met remotely to discuss these trends and we recorded our discussion as a podcast.  You can  listen to the discussion and get a feel for the thinking behind these trends .

About the Author

Shane Hastie

Show more Show less

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More than 800 software professionals will join together and learn about the emerging trends they should pay attention to in 2023, how to adopt them, how to avoid pitfalls, and how to embrace the best practices.

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Related Sponsored Content

Related Sponsor May 25, 2023, 11AM EDT Beyond ChatGPT: Where to Start Improving Your Enterprise Search Application Presented by: Mathis Lucka - Head of Product, deepset.ai SPONSORED BY DEEPSET.AI Save your seat

Inspired by this content? Write for InfoQ. Writing for InfoQ has opened many doors and increased career opportunities for me. I was able to deeply engage with experts and thought leaders to learn more about the topics I covered. And I can also disseminate my learnings to the wider tech community and understand how the technologies are used in the real world. Vivian Hu DevOps News Editor @InfoQ; Director of Products @Second State Write for InfoQ

Inspired by this content? Write for InfoQ. I discovered InfoQ’s contributor program earlier this year and have enjoyed it since then! In addition to providing me with a platform to share learning with a global community of software developers, InfoQ’s peer-to-peer review system has significantly improved my writing . If you’re searching for a place to share your software expertise, start contributing to InfoQ. Oghenevwede Emeni Articles contributor @InfoQ; Software Developer, CEO @Pact Write for InfoQ

Inspired by this content? Write for InfoQ. I started writing news for the InfoQ .NET queue as a way of keeping up to date with technology, but I got so much more out of it. I met knowledgeable people, got global visibility, and improved my writing skills . Edin Kapic .NET News Editor @InfoQ; Lead Engineer @Vista, former Microsoft MVP Write for InfoQ

Inspired by this content? Write for InfoQ. Becoming an editor for InfoQ was one of the best decisions of my career . It has challenged me and helped me grow in so many ways . We'd love to have more people join our team . Thomas Betts Lead Editor, Software Architecture and Design @InfoQ; Senior Principal Engineer Write for InfoQ

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InfoQ Homepage Articles Culture & Methods Trends Report March 2023. Culture & Methods. Beyond ChatGPT: Improving Your Enterprise Search Application (Webinar May 25, 2023) Bookmarks. Mar 31, 2023 8 min read. by. Shane Hastie. Write for InfoQ. Increase your visibility. Grow your career. Learn more. Key Takeaways. The layoffs in big tech have had a dampening effect on psychological safety across the whole industry. Generative AI tools like Co-pilot or ChatGPT can have a significant impact on developer productivity but are also significantly flawed. Responsible tech is more than just regulatory compliance and companies are having to be more socially responsible in order to attract and retain customers and employees. Asynchronous work is becoming much more accepted and organisations adopting the practices are gaining real benefits. Hybrid workplaces are now the norm, it is very important to be deliberate about the reasons for bringing people together in person, rather than just having a fixed schedule. The two biggest factors influencing organisational culture in early 2023 are the highly publicised and hugely disruptive layoffs across the tech industry and the emergence of Large Language Models such as ChatGPT. Layoffs in tech have damaged psychological safety. The biggest impact of the layoffs has not been the number of people out of work, but the widely publicised reports of the inhumane approach many of the large employers took to announcing and communicating the layoffs.  Stories of people finding out they no longer have a job when they are not able to log on to their corporate account, or getting a text message from an unidentified number telling them to drop off their company equipment with no other communication have a very negative impact on the industry as a whole and psychological safety is down in almost every high tech company. There is a realistic argument that the layoffs were a sensible response to the changing economic climate and that for many companies it is about right-sizing rather than down-sizing, however the way they were communicated to the impacted staff and to the world at large has resulted in a loss of trust and reduction of employee engagement across the industry.  Rebuilding a generative culture will be difficult, but can be done with care and deliberate design . Despite the large numbers who were laid off, there are still large shortages of tech workers around the world and most of those impacted are finding new roles relatively quickly . Rebecca Parsons, CTO of Thoughtworks commented on the podcast accompanying this trend report that: There is a strong business case for having a strong employee value proposition, because turnover is expensive and replacing people is expensive. If you treat people well, you can make all of these wonderful business case arguments, but you can also look at it as it's just the right thing to do. Employers who treat people badly in layoffs are going to struggle to attract people when the economy turns and they look to grow again. Large language models - friend or foe for developers? The launch of large language models such as ChatGPT , the premium service ChatGPT Plus and the enhanced GitHub Copilot have resulted in headlines about jobs that are at risk of being replaced by AI, with programmers at the top of some lists.   The question of how real the threat is, and how do the potentially displaced adapt is very open at the moment as it is early days in the evolution of the tools.  Legal battles are shaping up around open source licensing and copyright both of the source material used to generate content and the copyright status of generated content. On the other hand there are reports of how using these tools can significantly increase developer productivity - handling many of the more mundane tasks of coding, reducing the cognitive load and allowing the creative human to apply their energies to the areas of development where creativity is best applied.  Developer tools already include AI assistance , and this will continue to increase. What has become clear is that there is a skill to crafting the questions to ask; prompt engineering is the name most used to describe this skill. These code assist tools work best if you know the answer that you want.  Users need to verify the results and validate that the responses actually address the issue raised.  The models lack context and don’t know what they don’t know and that makes using them potentially risky. ChatGPT recently had a temporary shutdown of its service due a bug which enabled users to view one another’s prompts. This illustrates the inherent risks of sharing confidential data with the providers of large language models. OpenAI’s terms of service clearly state that they collect information which is “included in the input” or in “file uploads.” As effective prompt engineering relies on providing contextual information, it is important that organisations safeguard themselves against inadvertent data privacy breaches. While some organisations have been putting in place governance , JPMorgan recently blocked all staff from submitting data to ChatGPT. Unskilled cybercriminals are already using ChatGPT to generate malware ; as technologists we need to be aware of the potential impacts and actively mitigate the risks. While these two factors have dominated the headlines there has been a lot happening in other areas that is impacting organisational cultures and people operations. Movements in responsible tech. Technologists are becoming more aware of the broader societal impacts of the work they do and the importance of ethical considerations in the products we build and the way we build them.  Climate impact , social good, privacy , safety, diversity , equity and inclusion and the impact of bias need to be considered in our development processes. Responsible technology goes beyond compliance with rules and regulations.  Taking a responsible view means considering the potential impacts of the products we’re building before we start building, asking the hard questions about how could this product be applied in ways we don’t intend, who are the communities and stakeholders that we haven’t consulted or considered, how can we actively prevent harm, rather than just complying with the minimum regulatory requirements? It has a financial benefit from enhanced reputation, from employees and customers wanting to be associated with ethical companies and from customers being prepared to pay more for ethical products.  Responsible technology doesn’t just happen - it needs deliberate practice and clear goals covering areas such as supply chain, operations, employees and clients, in addition to the more obvious issues around product and service development. DevSusOps is more than just being carbon neutral - to be effectively sustainable an organisation needs to look to the needs of all stakeholders , social, environmental and economic. Ethical standards and guidelines for software engineering are evolving and emerging in new areas, such as agile coaching . Project to product gaining traction. The ideas around project to product /# NoProjects are gaining traction as more organisations shift from seeing their IT departments as an overhead cost to truly partnering as a value adding service essential to running the business effectively and meeting customers’ needs. Value stream management is being used more frequently to visualise and optimise the development process in end to end DevOps implementations. As organisations adopt these approaches, project based working breaks down and product management becomes necessary and effective.  Approaches such as Evidence Based Management provide tools to help maximise value delivered and focus on business outcomes. The worth of an architect. The frequent conflict between development teams and architects has caused harm and some organisations have found ways to effectively reconcile the potentially competing goals.  Development teams are tasked with delivering features as quickly as possible to add value and delight customers. Architects have a longer term view of maximising the long-term asset value of the IT estate. Aligning these two perspectives requires a shift in communication and engagement. Making architecture a core part of the development process requires constant collaboration and communication, not through presentations and ivory-tower decrees, but through working code and practical application that show the value the big picture thinking has on the product both in the short and long term. Organisation are increasingly distributing the architectural function across teams, through the use of cross-team reviewed Design Docs or RFC s. Grygoriy Gonchar recently published an article on InfoQ about the use of a Simple Framework for Architectural Decisions, which includes the use of RFC like Architectural Decision Records (ADRs). Gonchar wrote that such approaches ensure alignment with “business goals” and allow teams to make “informed” architectural decisions. Team topologies for rapidly changing environments. Team topologies are emerging that support rapidly evolving organisations and the remote/hybrid workforce. Reteaming is a competency that organisations need to build - enabling teams to rapidly form around new challenges or opportunities and become fully productive and well gelled quickly. Understanding the impact of Conway’s Law , and using the Reverse Conway approach enable organisations to deliberately align communication to be more effective. Team Topologies has provided patterns to guide organisations in restructuring teams to optimise for value delivery and minimising cognitive load. As Twitter’s mass layoffs have recently shown , the downside of mass redundancies can be the loss of moral, sustainability and stability due to increases in cognitive load for remaining teams. The pace of change and the dynamic nature of employment mean that organisations need to continue reviewing the changing cognitive load on teams, when faced with large scale organisational change. Teams must also become good at onboarding new people to help them become productive. Staff Plus and technical career pathways. The Staff Plus role is gaining more attention and a clear recognition that there are career paths which don’t require going into people management positions.  Deliberately shifting into and out of people leadership roles on a pendulum is a viable option that both deepens and broadens skillsets. Hybrid work will continue to evolve. The shift from fully remote to hybrid working continues steadily, with a few companies mandating complete back to the office and losing people as a result.   Hand in hand with the shift in working comes a far greater acceptance of asynchronous work in remote teams and an uptick in the need for more effective written communication and the need for process and guidelines on how to (for instance) communicate architectural decisions so they are understood across the whole community who need to know about them.  Finding the right balance between freedom & flexibility and documentation & process is an important factor when much of the work is done asynchronously. Workplace design is changing as organisations retool for hybrid working.  We see designs with fewer desks and more collaboration spaces with technology to support teamwork, pods and quiet places for individual work and quiet conversations and reflection. Wellbeing and helping support mental wellness need to be taken into account when establishing ways of working.  Understanding the diverse needs of the organisational community and ensuring inclusiveness and respect enables more effective collaboration. The collaboration tools available today have improved significantly, but they still have gaps and frustrations.  A hybrid meeting with some in-person and some remote participants is often an exercise in frustration with poor sound quality and missed interactions, exacerbating the us-and-them divide which can easily emerge in distributed teams. Listen to the Trends Report Discussion on the InfoQ Engineering Culture Podcast. The Culture & Methods editorial team met remotely to discuss these trends and we recorded our discussion as a podcast.  You can  listen to the discussion and get a feel for the thinking behind these trends . About the Author. Shane Hastie. Show more Show less. Find real-world practical inspiration from the world's most innovative software leaders. QCon New York International Software Conference returns this June 13-15. Technical leaders who are driving innovation and change in software will share the latest trends and techniques from their real-world projects to help you solve common challenges. More than 800 software professionals will join together and learn about the emerging trends they should pay attention to in 2023, how to adopt them, how to avoid pitfalls, and how to embrace the best practices. Join the experience and get implementable ideas to shape your projects that last beyond the conference. Register now. Learn what's next from world-class leaders pushing the boundaries. QCon San Francisco International Software Conference is back this October 2-6, 2023. Real-world practitioners at early adopter companies will come together to share actionable insights to help you adopt the right technologies and practices. Get exposed to new ideas and innovative approaches to software development and engineering, guaranteed to inspire and challenge you. Don't miss this opportunity to take your knowledge and skills to the next level, and stay ahead in the fast-paced world of technology. Register now. Rate this Article. Author Contacted. This content is in the Culture & Methods topic. Related Topics: Culture & Methods. InfoQ Trends Report 2023. ChatGPT. InfoQ Trends Report. Teamwork. Artificial Intelligence. Responsibility. InfoQ. Agile. Related Editorial. Related Sponsored Content. Related Sponsor May 25, 2023, 11AM EDT Beyond ChatGPT: Where to Start Improving Your Enterprise Search Application Presented by: Mathis Lucka - Head of Product, deepset.ai SPONSORED BY DEEPSET.AI Save your seat. Inspired by this content? Write for InfoQ. Writing for InfoQ has opened many doors and increased career opportunities for me. I was able to deeply engage with experts and thought leaders to learn more about the topics I covered. And I can also disseminate my learnings to the wider tech community and understand how the technologies are used in the real world. Vivian Hu DevOps News Editor @InfoQ; Director of Products @Second State Write for InfoQ. Inspired by this content? Write for InfoQ. I discovered InfoQ’s contributor program earlier this year and have enjoyed it since then! In addition to providing me with a platform to share learning with a global community of software developers, InfoQ’s peer-to-peer review system has significantly improved my writing . If you’re searching for a place to share your software expertise, start contributing to InfoQ. Oghenevwede Emeni Articles contributor @InfoQ; Software Developer, CEO @Pact Write for InfoQ. Inspired by this content? Write for InfoQ. I started writing news for the InfoQ .NET queue as a way of keeping up to date with technology, but I got so much more out of it. I met knowledgeable people, got global visibility, and improved my writing skills . Edin Kapic .NET News Editor @InfoQ; Lead Engineer @Vista, former Microsoft MVP Write for InfoQ. Inspired by this content? Write for InfoQ. Becoming an editor for InfoQ was one of the best decisions of my career . It has challenged me and helped me grow in so many ways . We'd love to have more people join our team . Thomas Betts Lead Editor, Software Architecture and Design @InfoQ; Senior Principal Engineer Write for InfoQ. Could you be our next Editor-in-Chief? InfoQ seeks a full-time Editor-in-Chief to join C4Media's international, always remote team. Join us to cover the most innovative technologies of our time, collaborate with the world's brightest software practitioners, and help more than 1.6 million dev teams adopt new technologies and practices that push the boundaries of what software and teams can deliver! Apply. The InfoQ Newsletter. A round-up of last week’s content on InfoQ sent out every Tuesday. Join a community of over 250,000 senior developers. View an example. Select your country Select a country. I consent to InfoQ.com handling my data as explained in this Privacy Notice . We protect your privacy. Hello stranger! You need to Register an InfoQ account or Login or login to post comments. But there's so much more behind being registered. Get the most out of the InfoQ experience. Tell us what you think. Allowed html: a,b,br,blockquote,i,li,pre,u,ul,p. Email me replies to any of my messages in this thread. Community comments. Your Reply. Quote original message. Allowed html: a,b,br,blockquote,i,li,pre,u,ul,p. Email me replies to any of my messages in this thread. Your Reply. Allowed html: a,b,br,blockquote,i,li,pre,u,ul,p. Email me replies to any of my messages in this thread.